![]() Ancient Greeks also believed reigning gods imprisoned lesser gods underneath the volcanoes. The volcanoes of Lemnos, an island in the Mediterranean, and Mount Etna, on the island of Sicily, were believed to be the forges of Hephaestus, the Greek god of fire. Most Greek gods and goddesses are representations of the active physical elements that made up the local landscape. The geography and climate of the Mediterranean region, for example, directly influenced Greek mythology. Physical features, weather-related phenomena, and local resources had a deep impact on how historic European cultures prospered, interacted, and believed their world worked. ![]() Historic Cultures Indigenous cultures shaped, and were shaped by, the varied geography of Europe. Today, this cultural wealth is used to solidify the European Community and is exported to the rest of the world as one of the continent’s greatest global assets. Cultural Geography Europe has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. Today, Europe is home to the citizens of Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland), and Vatican City. Europe’s physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history. Europe’s main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in northern Europe. Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian seas to the south. ![]() The name Europe may also come from combining the Greek roots eur- (wide) and - op (seeing) to form the phrase “wide-gazing.” Europe is often described as a “ peninsula of peninsulas.” A peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides. The name Europe, or Europa, is believed to be of Greek origin, as it is the name of a princess in Greek mythology.
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